Science has been studying the chemical world of plants trying to find compounds thatwill benefit mankind for many years now. These natural compounds are found in roots, stems, leaves, fruits and vegetables. Science gives them technical names like polyphenols, flavanoids, flavonols, carotenoids, tocotrienols and proanthocyanidins for examples. To keep things simple we will call these substances phytochemicals or phytonutrients.

The research surrounding these phyto (plant based) nutrients is very exciting and is on the forefront of leading vitamin, herbal and pharmaceutical companies. It is believed that many of these compounds protect us from our environment. Today’s article will center on the benefits of a new/old plant, the olive leaf.

The use of olive leaf as medicine goes far back in history. The olive leaf is the first botanical listed in the bible. In Genesis 8:11 “and the dove came in to him in the evening, and lo, in her mouth was an olive leaf plucked off. So Noah knew that the waters were abated from off the earth” and in Ezekiel 47:12 “the fruit thereof shall be for meat and the leaf thereof for medicine.” Was this the olive leaf? It was the ancient Egyptians that may have first used the olive leaf in practical applications. The first formal medical mention of olive leaf was a cure for malaria and fevers in the mid 1800’s.  A preparation of the boiled leaves was used and also an alcoholic tincture.

These early uses of the olive leaf led researchers in the mid 60’s to isolate a bitter compound names oleuropein (oh-lee-or-oh-pin). It is this compound that helps keep insects and bacteria from damaging the olive tree. It is present in the oil, the bark, the leaves and fruit of the tree. A Dutch researcher determined that the active ingredient in oleuropein is a substance called elenolic acid. It was found to exhibit powerful anti-bacterial effects.

Upjohn, a major pharmaceutical company, did numerous experiments with this substance. They found that it inhibited the growth of many viruses and parasitic protazoans. They also discovered that there were no toxic side effects to the host even at high doses. Due to obstacles encountered by the company in animal testing, research into the substance calcium elenolate was dropped as a powerful anti-viral drug.

In the early 1990’s research was resumed by another company and the substance trademarked Olivir, a non toxic herbal virucide and bacteriacide became available on the market. Olivir is a proprietary preparation made by extracting certain chemicals form a specific species of olive leaf.

So what is the big deal about olive leaf? What is it good for and what benefits can a person see when using this compound?

Oleuropein has been shown to be effective in the treatment of cold and flu, lowering blood pressure, relieving arrhythmias, and preventing intestinal spasms, cholesterol lowering, blood sugar lowering, and reduction of uric acid build-up. This is in addition to its anti-bacterial and anti-viral actions.

Researchers credit a number of unique properties to olive leaf preparations. These are:

·         An ability to interfere with critical amino acid production essential for viruses.

·         The ability to contain viral infection and/or spread by interrupting virus shedding and budding in cell membranes.

·         The ability to penetrate infected cells and stop viral replication.

·         It is able to neutralize enzymatic actions by retroviruses thus preventing altering of RNA of healthy cells.

·         It can stimulate phagocytosis, which is an immune response where white cells ingest harmful microorganisms.

Olivir may be a true anti-viral agent since research shows it selectively blocks an entire virus specific system in the infected host.

From a more clinical perspective, olive leaf extracts have been used for a short period of time. Health professionals started using this in 1995 when it became available. It is showing promising results in many of the patients that have been using this product. Some of the conditions that it is being researched for are conditions associated with viruses, retroviruses, bacterium, and protozoa. These are influenza, the common cold, meningitis, Epstein Barr (EBV), Herpes I and II, shingles, HIV/ARC/AIDS, chronic fatigue, candida albicans, hepatitis B, pneumonia, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, malaria, severe diarrhea, blood poisoning, and dental, ear, urinary tract and surgical infections.

Many people have stated that when they began using an olive leaf extract that they experienced more energy and a better state of well being. Olive leaf is potent and can generate an intestinal cleansing action. This cleansing action may produce in some people detox symptoms. This is known as the “die off” effect. It can affect us differently but the following are the reactions noted. Extreme fatigue, diarrhea, headaches, muscle/joint ache, and or other flu like symptoms. Not everyone experiences these effects, but if you do the following will reduce them:

·         Reduce the number of tablets or stop for a while.

·         You may need a day or two or even a week to allow the body to process this die off effect.

·         When you feel better resume the supplement at a low dose.

·         Use other co-nutrients to aid liver detox processes.

Other than this “die off” effect olive leaf appears to create no side effects.

There is no doubt that olive leaf extract has real healing power but it is important to remember that it should not be considered a cure-all or panacea. It can be part of a comprehensive holistic program that includes diet, exercise and nutritional support. It is equally important that you research for yourself the benefits of any substance you are considering using. A great resource on this substance is an article written by James R. Privitera, M.D., Olive Leaf Extract- A New/Old Healing Bonanza For Mankind.

Health Report by Herbalist Dave Hawkins, MH, CNC

With the increase in the awareness regarding the use ofnutritional and herbal supplements, many people are confused as to whatproducts to purchase. It is confusing to read about a particular vitamin and then to purchase it and feel assured you are getting the same product referred to in your studies.

One problem I see with the vitamin industry is that many companies are using research to back their claims about a specific substance that come from other companies or independent studies, and they use this information to sell their product which may not be the exact same substance used in the study.

A good example is the use of the herb ginkgo biloba.

When you read about the benefits of this particular herb, the information comes from a research project funded by a phyto pharmaceutical company in Germany. The product is called GBE 761, and it is sold under a trade name.

How do you know that you are purchasing that exact substance used in the research when you are buying gingko biloba? Most often you will not know unless informed.

That is the purpose of this article to help give you some pointers and guidelines when purchasing supplements. My belief is that you want to get results, so consumers beware.

Most supplement manufacturers are reliable and honest, and they depend on good results with their products simply because they want to see repeat sales. Most companies follow GMP's (Good Manufacturing Practices), and this is your assurance that the label is correct and that it has been tested for bioavailability.

However, the standards under which a vitamin or mineral is manufactured vary greatly.

A manufacturer can create a tablet that looks identical to a quality product, but it is just a replica.

The following are some of the government standards related to vitamin manufacturing:

         A consumer would assume that a vitamin contains the potency listed on the label: The government states only 90% of the potency listed on the label has to be in a product at the time of shipping.

       A vitamin starts to lose potency the minute it's made.

     If not produced properly, a vitamin can lose up to 50% of its potency by the time you purchase it: There are only minimal guidelines, not requirements, regarding product storage (light, temperature, moisture, etc.), inventory rotation, article granulation or product coating, all of which affect the potency and quality.

·       After a vitamin is made, companies are not required to conduct shelf-life testing to see how the products potency is affected over time.

        There is no law requiring supplements to be tested during manufacturing. It is not a requirement for a company to have a quality control laboratory.

How do you manufacture vitamins without a quality control lab?

Good question! Moreover most companies do not manufacture their own products. Another manufacturer makes them. Here is how you check to see if the product you are buying is made by that company. On the label it will state, “Manufactured by ABC Company.” If a company does not make their own product it will state on the label “Manufactured for ABC Company” or “Distributed by ABC Company.”

I recommend buying products from companies that make their own line and have met the requirements mentioned above.

A good company will provide independent laboratory assays with their product. These assays tell you the potency; disintegration times once ingested; and the fillers, binders, and other ingredients in the product you are interested in buying.

Another key point to look for is a full disclosure label. This will tell you a lot about what you are purchasing. It should include:

1.       The product ingredients (calcium for example).

2.       The product potency in micro grams or milligrams.

3.       The source of the nutrient (what form is it).

4.       Directions for use. How many to take to get the label potency?

5.       A listing of the fillers, binders, and excipients or any other potential allergic substances.

6.       A code date.

7.       Any warnings or cautions.

8.       Manufactured by or manufactured for.

So what are some of the questions you need to ask to assure good quality supplements?

        Quality of Ingredients: There are approximately 40 to 50 raw material suppliers to the entire vitamin industry.

          Everyone buys from these folks, but what do they do with it once purchased?

        Trademarked Substance Guarantees Quality. Example, chromium picolinate is made by a company called Nutrition 21. Any product with that name will be that company’s product.

       Tablet Processing: Are the fillers, binders, excipients and coatings natural? Many companies use cheap ingredients that are very low cost but affect how the tablet will break down. Some coatings are made from a form of shellac.

        Manufactured Date.  How long has it been since manufactured? The normal shelf life of a supplement is two years, but it can be sold up for to six years.

       Natural vs. Synthetic: The word natural can be misleading. A good example of this is with vitamin E. A manufacturer can use a blend of 10% natural E and 90% synthetic E and still label the product as natural vitamin E. It is important for manufactures to list the chemical name. Natural vitamin E is listed as d-alpha tocopherol, d-alpha tocopheryl acetate or d-alpha tocopheryl succinate. All synthetic E products are listed with dl before the alpha.

       Quality.  Price is not always reflective of quality: If a price seems too good to be true, it probably is. For example, if a reliable brand falls between $9-$12 dollars per 100 and you find the same ingredients for $4-$6 dollars per 100, you might be suspicious. On the other hand if the same ingredients are listed on a higher priced brand, you may be paying too much.  It is important to judge by comparing apples to apples and oranges to oranges. Hopefully, this will help you.

Another question I frequently get is how to store vitamins and minerals.

Most products are stable at room temperature, but we recommend a cool dark cabinet away form direct heat. Do not refrigerate them as they will attract moisture and lose potency quicker. We also recommend not buying more than what you can consume within a three- to six-month period of time.

Always remember that a supplement is only as good as its ingredients. When you are looking for results, be aware that what you are taking is the right substance. A good manual to help you is a book by Shari Lieberman: The Real Vitamin And Mineral Book.

With the recent interest in the herb St. John's Wortsweeping the nation, many folks think this is a new herb. I wanted to enlightenthe readership to the long history of this plant and go into the numerous aspects of its use. Currently it is being used for mild to moderate depression with many good results. It is important that we keep in mind that herbs work differently than pharmaceuticals. Herbs work synergistically with the compounds within them and their interaction with the body chemistry. The format of today's article will be in an interview format.  Let's begin this interview by looking into the past.

Hawkins: Tell us about yourself and how you got your name St. John's Wort?

St. John's Wort: I have been used as a medicinal herb since ancient times (approximately 2000 years). My botanical name is hypericum perforatum which is derived from the Greek words hyper and eikon which translates to "above" and "icon". Many people used to believe that it would protect them from evil spirits. My name came about because the plant blooms around St. John's Day which is June 24. Of course, I bloom anywhere from June to September depending on climate. I was known by Hippocrates and the Greek herbalist Dioscorides. Christian mystics named me after John the Baptist.

Hawkins: Since you mention climate, where can you be found and when is the best time to harvest you?

St. John's Wort: I am native to Europe, North Africa, and West Asia. I was brought to the United States early on by European settlers. I also grew quite well in Northern California and Oregon as well as the Appalachians.  The aerial part of me is used medicinally. Only the top 6-9 inches are harvested when I am in bloom. The leaves, stems, flowers and unopened buds are used medicinally. They have the highest levels of hypericum, which I will discuss later.

Hawkins: When did healers begin to document your value, and what type of ailments were you treating?

St. John's Wort: About 400 years ago herbalists started to really recognize me. I am used in four different applications. They are prepared as infusions (teas), tinctures (extracts), oil macerations, and standardized extracts. I have been used for numerous conditions. I will mention a few here. The oil has been used topically for burns by helping to calm the skin and aid wound healing. Nervous disorders, depression, neuralgia, insomnia, seasonal affective disorder and kidney problems have been some of the main ailments that I work with, and currently I am being studied for anti-viral properties working with HIV and AIDS patients.

Hawkins: Tell us about your biochemistry and what makes you work within the body?

St. John's Wort: This will probably be too complex for most, but I will give you some of the major constituents. Scientists have been able to identify hypericin and its derivatives, flavonols, flavonoids, essential oils, carotenoids, and phytosterols as some of these main compounds. This explains why I am used in so many different aspects. Let me explain further some of the research that is going on currently.

The West Germans have done most of this research with over 20 studies involving thousands of patients. Their results confirm my ability to help those with mild to moderate depression.

Hawkins: Tell us more about depression and the mechanisms of your actions?

St. John's Wort: Compared with both placebos, inert comparison substances and various anti-depressant drugs I have come out on top every time. The success rate is between 60-80% which is equal, I might add, to the drug Prozac; however, with me there are fewer side effects. In a study in 1994 which included 3,250 patients, it was found that only 2.4% had any side effects worth noting. Compare that to conventional drug therapies currently being used today and this is very low. Scientists still are having a hard time discerning which part of me works to create these positive effects in the body. Some say I work with GABA receptors in the brain. (GABA is the neurotransmitter that calms down the nervous system.) Some say I work like a MAO inhibitor drug; however, that is not accurate either. It has been noted that I might work with the neurotransmitter serotonin, which helps you to feel good and elevate your mood. I keep telling the scientists that it is all of me that does the work and not just one single isolated compound. I think that is the conclusion they are coming too, also!

Hawkins: In the research you just mentioned people in the studies were using a standardized extract. Tell us about dosage and how it is taken and how long before a person would feel the benefits?

St. John's Wort: In the standardized extract used in the studies, the hypericin content was measured at 0.3% concentration. Even though hypericin does not have antidepressant properties, it is used as a reference point. This means that 300 mg by weight contains 0.9% hypericin. The current dosage recommendation is 300 mg three times a day for a total of 900 mg daily. It is important to spread it out throughout the day. Remember that more is not always better. A person needs to take the extract for at least two weeks before benefits are to be expected and this, too, will vary individually.

Capsules and tinctures are also valuable, but they will be dependent on the quality of the material. Remember, a medicine is only as good as its starting material. When taking powdered herbs in capsules, you need to take more of it; and in regards to tinctures, 20 drops taken 3 times a day is recommended.

Hawkins: Before we finish our interview, tell us about any side affects or any toxicity factors that might interfere with your ability to work well.  Please mention any cautions with regard to contraindications with pharmaceuticals!

St. John's Wort: As I mentioned earlier, side affects are relatively low.  However, the following are possible: Gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, loss of appetite, and abdominal pains) which can occur with any substance. Taken with meals seems to help. Allergic reactions – skin rashes and itching. Phototoxicity – this has happened more with grazing animals than with humans, but fair-skinned people who have taken large doses might have sensitivity.

Contraindications are that this herb is not to be taken during pregnancy or nursing. The only drug interaction possibility is with MAO inhibiting drugs or L-dopa, and it is due to an increase in blood pressure. Hundreds of people in Europe with high blood pressure have been using me without problems.  Remember, it is wise to be cautious when taking any substance. Please consult with your health care practitioner.

Health Report by Herbalist Dave Hawkins, MH, CNC

Today’sarticle will be an interview with another popular herb known as sawpalmetto.  This particular plant has been in the news recently due to an article in JAMA (The Journal of the American Medical Association). 

In the article it compared the herbal extract of saw palmetto berry to a popular prescription drug (Proscar) used to treat BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia), enlarged prostate.  The results were very promising in relation to the relief of symptoms associated with this condition and the fact that the herb compared in effectiveness to the drug without side effects.  This article will let you better understand this plant and the history surrounding its use.  Let’s begin our interview:

Hawkins: Tell us about yourself.  How did you get your name and how did you become so popular?

Saw Palmetto (SP): My botanical name is Serona Repens, and I grow in a particular area of the Southeastern United States.  I am native to the coastal areas in the regions of Charleston, South Carolina; Florida; and Louisiana. I am very hardy and am an important part of the natural habitat.  I am planted in landscaping because I am resistant to insects, drought, and fire.  Animals like to eat my fruit which is green until ripe and then it turns bluish to black.

Hawkins: Can you share your history of being used medicinally and tell us the method of how you were used in health condition?

SP: The native Indians in the regions mentioned above used me as a tonic and basically as a food.  They made hats out of my leaves and used the stem to cure hides.  I am considered a true American adaptogenic herb.  An adaptogen is a term used in herbalism to reflect the ability of a plant to work as a biological response modifier.  It wasn’t until the early 1800s that the medical world began to look at me a bit closer.  I have a profound effect on the genitourinary tract and am beneficial to enlarged prostates, a condition affecting men.  The early eclectic physician Dr. I. J. M. Goff began using me in early 1877 and shared me with many other well-known eclectic doctors like Felter-Lloyd and King.  I am listed in The Materia Medic And Clinical Therapeutics of 1905, King’s American Dispensatory of 1898, and listed in The U.S. Pharmacopoeia from 1900-1916 and in The National Formulary 1925-1942.  As you can see, I have been used for a long period of time. 

Hawkins: Let’s look at some of the conditions and therapeutic applications you exhibit.  How do you accomplish all these benefits?

SP: Let me begin with the action I take in the body.  I work as a nutritive tonic, an expectorant (clears mucus), and I help control mucous membrane irritations.  In regard to uses, I have been shown to benefit the following: Irritable coughs, chronic bronchial coughs, whooping cough, acute and chronic laryngitis, asthma, and am used as a digestive tonic improving appetite, digestion and assimilation.  I am best known for helping the genitourinary system in both males and females by strengthening and restoring balance.  Dr. Lloyd summarized me best by calling my actions amphoteric (normalizer of functions and size).  I have been called “the old man’s friend” due to the fact that I help relieve the unpleasant symptoms of enlarged prostate.

Hawkins: Tell us now about your biochemical make-up and how you are being used medicinally?

SP: This will be a bit complicated, but I will try to keep it simple.  I am made of numerous chemical compounds.  My most active are called liposterols which are basically a fat.  I will discuss this further in a few moments.  I also contain polysaccharides (sugars), and a long chain alcohol called polyprenols.  Exciting, isn’t it?  Now let’s get down to what counts -- How I work in the body.  First, even though there is a huge amount of research, science cannot explain exactly how I work.  One theory that seems to hold promise is that in the normal process of the prostate, the hormone testosterone is converted into a more potent form of testosterone called DHT (dihyrotestosterone), which stimulates the growth of prostatic tissue.  This is done with an enzyme, and it is believed that in a case of enlargement of the prostate, that there is an enzyme defect which leads to an over-conversion ratio of DHT.  The sterolic fatty acids within my berries have been shown to be effective in the reduction of the conversion enzyme, thus reducing the size.  But science again is not clear as to how this is being done.  Much more research needs to be done.

Hawkins: Share with us some of the dosage recommendations and is there any cause for concern about toxicity?

SP: First, there are many ways to use my berries.  Traditionally teas were used and then followed by alcohol extracts called tinctures.  The capsules of ground berries are available and, of course, now the standardized extract.  Just to make this clear, all forms work.  Standardization does not always increase effectiveness.  Many times science does not know what constituents to standardize or the level of therapeutic dosages.  The question becomes -- If the plant has worked for hundreds of years in its whole form, does it need to be standardized?  According to the German  E Commission, dosage recommendations are as follows: Daily 1-2 grams of ground berries, or 1-2 mils t.i.d. Tincture, or 320 mg total of the standardized extract.

Contraindications are unknown and side effects are rare, but I can cause stomach upset.  There are no known drug interactions.

Hawkins: I have been reading that you work well with a few other herbal friends.  Can you tell us about them?

SP: There is a lot of research being done with a combination formula with the following herbs: Stinging nettle (urtica dioica)--the root part, pygeum (pygeum africanum), willow bark (salix alba), and goldenrod (solidago virgaurea).  These friends work similarly by reducing inflammation, swelling, increasing urine flow and increasing blood flow.  You can find this information in a book written by Christopher Hobbs, Saw Palmetto--The Herb For Prostate Health.  Of course, it is important to seek professional assistance when considering this type of therapy.  There are many lifestyle changes that can be of help with a proper nutritional and herbal protocol.

Health Report by Herbalist Dave Hawkins, MH, CNC

Over the last few months I have had numerous questions abouta supplement called SAMe. This article will help toanswer some of those questions. SAMe or s-adenosyl-l-methionine has been the subject of many clinical trials in Europe and now in the United States. SAMe was discovered in Italy in 1952-- not surprisingly, most of the research on SAMe has been conducted in the country of its discovery.

So what is SAMe? S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is an important physiological agent formed in the body by combining the essential amino acid methionine with adenosyl-triphosphate (ATP). SAM is involved in over 40 biochemical reactions in the body and it works closely with vitamins B-12 and folic acid. Normally the body manufactures all the SAM it needs from the amino acid methionine. However, a deficiency of methionine, vitamin B12, or folic acid can result in decreased SAM synthesis. In addition, tissue levels of SAM are typically low in the elderly and in patients suffering from osteoarthritis, depression, and various liver disorders. There are five principal conditions where SAMe is used: depression, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, liver disorders, and migraine headaches. SAM is also required in the manufacture of all sulfur-containing compounds in the human body, including glutathione and various sulfur-containing cartilage components.

·         SAMe is essential for the production of brain neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) such as dopamine, norephinephrine, epinephrine and serotonin. It enhances cell membrane fluidity and cellular communication. The beneficial effects of SAMe supplementation are far-reaching because of its central role in so many metabolic processes.

Let's look at how same can be beneficial with depression, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, migranes and liver disorders.

Depression:

SAMe is necessary in the manufacture of important brain compounds such as neurotransmitters and phospholipids like phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine. Supplementing the diet with SAMe in depressed patients results in increased levels of serotonin, dopamine, and phosphatidylserine. It improves binding of neurotransmitters to receptor sites, which causes increased serotonin and dopamine activity and improved brain cell membrane fluidity, all resulting in significant clinical improvement.

The antidepressive effects of folic acid (Vitamin B6) are mild compared to the effects noted in clinical trials using SAMe. Based on results from a number of clinical studies, it appears that SAMe is perhaps the most effective natural antidepressant (although a strong argument could be made for the extract of St. John's Wort standardized to contain 0.3 percent hypericin). More recent studies using a new oral preparation at a dosage of 400 milligrams four times daily (1600 mg total) demonstrate that SAMe is just as effective orally as it is intravenously. SAMe is better tolerated and has a quicker onset of antidepressant action than tricyclic antidepressants.

In addition to generalized depression, there are two conditions associated with depression where SAMe produces significant effects: the postpartum (after pregnancy) period and drug rehabilitation. SAMe benefits in these conditions probably stem from a combination of its effects on brain chemistry and liver

Function.

Fibromyalgia:

In a double-blind study, orally administered SAMe (800 milligrams daily) was compared to a placebo for 6 weeks in 44 patients with fibromyalgia. Researchers evaluated tender point score, muscle strength, disease activity, subjective symptoms, mood parameters, and side effects. Patients given SAMe demonstrated improvements in clinical disease activity, pain experienced during the last week, fatigue, morning stiffness, and mood; however, the tender point score and muscle strength did not differ in the two treatment groups. SAMe was without side effects.

The most recent study compared SAMe to transutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)-- a popular treatment for fibromyalgia-- in 30 patients with fibromyalgia. Patients receiving SAMe (200 milligrams by injection and 400 milligrams orally daily) demonstrated significantly greater clinical benefits---decreased number of tender points, subjective feelings of pain and fatigue, and improved mood. TENS offered little benefit on most symptoms while SAM was deemed "effective in relieving the signs and symptoms of primary fibromyalgia."

Migraine:

SAMe is beneficial in the treatment of migraine headaches. The benefits manifest gradually and require long-term treatment for therapeutic effectiveness. This is due to the ability of same to enhance liver detoxification functions. The liver depends on same for regeneration, detoxification, bile production, methylation and the production of a substance called glutathione, a liver antioxidant.

This again relates to its ability in dealing with drug rehabilitation, excessive and unbalanced estrogen levels, and in conjunctions with hepatitis c treatments.

Joint and Connective tissue:

SAMe is essential for the rebuilding of connective tissue and the manufacture of cartilage components. Numerous clinical studies indicate that it can reduce pain, stiffness and inflammation. Doses range from 400mg to 1200 mg daily.

It is recommended to take SAMe on an empty stomach preferably one hour before eating. Usual doses are started at 200mg daily with a gradual increase every five days until desired effects are felt. It may take up to four weeks for some to notice the effects but most will be noticed within one week. Since SAMe is unstable at high temperatures it is recommend to be refrigerated. It is also important to use enteric-coated tablets to ensure stability, maximum adsorption and to avoid nausea and gastrointestinal disturbances. It is safe for pregnancy and lactation. There are no reported negative interactions with other medications or nutritional supplements.

SAMe is converted to homocysteine, which is known for its increasing risk of cardiovascular disease, when taken at high levels unless the cofactors of Vitamin b 6 (50mg), Vitamin b 12 (1000mcg), and folic acid (800mg) are taken with it. A good quality multiple vitamin supplement may be adequate but you need to check.

There are two forms of pharmaceutical grade same, tosylate and a newer more stable one called butanedisulfide. Due to the expense of SAMe at the current time many cannot afford to use this supplement. Be aware of companies promoting SAMe and be sure to research their sources.

As with any therapy it is important to consult with your health care practitioner when treating specific conditions.

Health Report by Herbalist Dave Hawkins, MH, CNC

With this being Thanksgiving week, I thought it would beappropriate to write an article giving thanks to our Native Americans who gaveus a wealth of information about medicinal herbs. We celebrate Thanksgiving traditionally because of a remembrance to the settlers when they first arrived in the Americas. When you see pictures portraying the feast, Native Americans have been a vital part of the community. We all know the history that followed, and I feel like we owe a lot to our native peoples due to their exploitation. This article will deal more with the plants that are native to America and the historical use of them. I think you will find it interesting that many of the plants are still being used today even though they are not the designer herbs of the month and not found in the mass market. Herbalism goes much deeper than what we see in the marketplace.

The settlers owed a deep gratitude to the Native Americans. When they first arrived on this continent, they had been on ships for weeks. Disease ran rampant and many of these diseases, (scurvy and fever) were not known in the Americas. As a matter of fact, the native people succumbed to them and had to learn which plants would heal them. Influenza, diphtheria, malaria and many other afflictions were the epidemics that affected the settlers. If the ships from the Old World did not make port on time, valuable medicines carried from Europe used at that time were then in short supply and many people died. It was the Native Americans that came to the rescue.

Native American medicine has a different aspect of understanding than conventional medicine in that it is an energetic-based system. This means that the healers were in tune with the plant energy and how to use it appropriately. They did not have a defined method of anatomy and physiology or care to call a sickness a particular name or quote a diagnosis. This does not mean they did not understand body imbalances. In text, it is found that the Native Americans used herbs for liver, blood regenerating, nerve tonics, to restore health, strengthen the stomach, all of which had a purpose in systemic harmony.

Let's take a closer look at some of the plants the Native Americans used:

·         Bearberry – Was excellent against scurvy, also used for urinary tract inflammation.

·         Black Cohosh – Used as antidotes for snakebites, to relieve menstrual pain and for painful childbirth.  Also used to treat hysteria, neuralgia, migraines, and asthma.

·         Black walnut – The nuts were used as food; leaves and outer hulls for ringworm, and diphtheria; very astringent.

·         Blue Cohosh – Used for cramping during menstruation and during labor; also for hysteria and rheumatism.

·         Bloodroot – Used for all blood conditions, also as a stain or dye; useful for bronchitis, asthma, whooping cough, and liver ailments.

·         Blue Flag – Cultivated as a cathartic, meaning to move the bowels rapidly. Also used as a poultice to heal leg ulcers and for lung ailments during cold and flu.

·         Boneset (popular with all tribes) – Used to break fever or help sweat out chills; used to treat malaria, typhoid, and influenza.

·         Burdock – Used as a food and medicine; aided all skin conditions - used for acne, bunions, ringworm and to soothe mucus membranes.

·         Cascara Sagrada – Used for constipation, indigestion and rheumatism.

·         Calamus – The tribe runners chewed the fresh root due to its ability to increase stamina and endurance.

·         Wild Cherry Bark – Used for sore throat and a disease the colonist called bloody flux.

·         Dandelion – Used as nutritive tonic, for anemia, all skin disorders and fluid retention

·         Elder (all parts were used) – Flowers for kidney bladder infections and fevers; berries for fluid retention and as a gargle; leaves for constipation.

·         Goldenseal – Used to treat ulcers and arrow wounds, used for congested conditions, used for enlarged tonsils, skin eruptions, sinus inflammation, scarlet fever and smallpox. Great for gums and used as an eyewash for conjunctivitis.

·         Ginseng – Used for stamina, digestion, nervous disorders, whooping cough and asthma. Used during weakness and debility.

·         Gravel Root (Queen of the Meadow or Joe Pye Weed) – Used for all kidney ailments, gout and rheumatism 

·         Juniper – Used to purify the air during sickness. Has an antibacterial and antiseptic property. Used for kidney disorders.

·         Lady Slipper – Used for nervous debility, to relieve pain and stomach disorders.

·         Mandrake Root – Used for incontinence, as a liver balancer and for constipation.

·         Nettle – Was considered a food due to high nutrient content, used as a counter-irritant for pain. Useful in joint stiffness and rheumatism.

·         Pleurisy Root (Butterfly Weed) – Used mostly for lung ailments.

·         Sassafras – Used as a tonic and rejuvenator, helpful in all skin disorders and to thin the blood.

·         Skunk Cabbage – Used in lung conditions, asthma and bronchitis and whooping cough.

·         White Pine – Used for colds flu with cough. Also used for desperate wounds.

·         Yarrow was used for colds and flu, fevers, chickenpox and for incontinence of the bladder.

Others herbs used included Chaga, Wild Ginger, Partridgeberry, Poke Root, Prickly Ash Bark, Slippery Elm, Spikenard, Stoneroot, and Thuja,

Most plant remedies were used singularly, often as specific cures for a particular affliction. They did not usually blend formulas like herbal medicine of later times.

This is only a small list of plants used in the Native American Materia Medica.   As you can see, we owe a lot of thanks to the Native Americans because of the wealth of knowledge they gave us in friendship and in a time of need. Be thankful this Thanksgiving season because many of these plants are still with us and have not become endangered by over harvesting or over use.

Much of the information came from two sources, one called Indian Herbology of North America by Alma Hutchens and the other – Green Pharmacy by Barbara Griggs

Health Report by Herbalist Dave Hawkins, MH, CNC

Let’s look at the history behind this valuable plant. Sinceancient times, many thistles were widely used for their curative effects on theliver; and recently chemical compounds from the seed of Silybum marianum milk thistle have proven scientifically to aid in the protection and rebuilding of liver cells. Milk thistle was recommended by the Greek herbalist, Dioscorides, for snakebite; the English herbalist, Gerald, for bilious disorders; and Culpepper recommended it for jaundice and liver obstructions. During the early part of the last century, the Eclectic School of Medical Herbalists used milk thistle for menstrual difficulty, congestion of the liver, spleen and kidneys. As you can see, it has been used for thousands of years.

Milk thistle is known by many names: St. Mary’s thistle, lady's thistle, holy thistle, and wild artichoke. It is a member of the compositae or daisy family. All thistles are edible and benefit the liver, but only the Silybim marianum is known to contain the active compounds referred to as silymarin. Silymarin is the collective name for a combination of three of the flavanolignans: silybin, silydianin and silychristin. Research into the efficacy of milk thistle began with a German doctor, Dr. Madaus, in the early 1900s. The mechanism of action was not known until 1980 with the research done by Dr. Sonnenbichler from Munich, Germany.

The liver has a very complex system of how it reduces toxins into harmless substances.  Phase one liver detox processes involve recognizing and altering the poisons entering the liver. This is done with a set of enzymes called the P450 enzyme system. The compounds generated by phase one must be further broken down by what is called the phase two detox system.  A compound produced in the liver called glutathione aids this process. Milk thistle is known to increase the production of GSH.

Silymarin is a potent antioxidant and is considered to be at least ten times more potent than Vitamin E. The protective effects against liver damage have been demonstrated in numerous clinical studies over the last few years. It has been shown to protect the liver against the toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride, alcohol poisoning, chemotherapy, environmental poisons, pharmaceutical drugs, and the poison from the Amanita mushroom or Poison Death Cap.

It is a standard protocol in Europe to have injectable silymarin in emergency rooms just for the antidote for Amanita mushroom poisoning. Many Europeans eat woodland mushrooms with many cases a year being reported. Why is this an issue?  The effect of Amanita mushroom poison is death if treatment is not administered within 24 hours of ingestion. Milk thistle is that antidote.

Let’s look at some of the clinical applications of milk thistle for a variety of liver disorders. Numerous clinical studies have proven the positive effects in the following conditions: Cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, fatty liver, gallstones, psoriasis, toxemia during pregnancy, liver inflammation, and cancer.

The leading cause of liver disease is alcohol which causes cirrhosis. It is estimated thatr 10 million Americans suffer from cirrhosis with over 200,000 deaths per year. In one study, eighty-seven cirrhotics received either placebo or silymarin over a period of 41 months. Dosage of a standardized extract of 140 mg three times per day showed the control group to have a four year survival rate of 58 percent to the placebo group that had a 38 percent survival rate. This was attributed to the use of silymarin that is non-toxic even with use over a long period of time.

One of the most amazing uses of silymarin is with hepatitis sufferers. There are over 300,000 new cases annually in the United States alone, and that is on the increase. Again, milk thistle extract has been shown to improve liver enzymes in many cases. I have personally worked with a number of hepatitis cases, and in most cases improvements have been seen within thirty days. Of course, we are all biochemically different, and outcomes will be different for everyone. It is important to select the proper substance when taking this herb for a specific condition. I have researched and prefer the German formula due to its being used in the clinical studies.

Milk thistle is effective in a variety of preparations with the traditional method as a tea or decoction. Silymarin is poorly soluble in water, but historically it is more bioavailable if the seeds are crushed and soaked overnight before boiling for fifteen minutes. Another method is to make a tincture of the freshly powdered seeds mixed with 9% alcohol. Standardized capsules are available; and when used for specific conditions, this is easier. Extracts are typically made up of a 70% silymarin complex with doses of 140 mg per capsule.

There are no known side effects or contraindications, and this herb is safe during pregnancy and lactation.

As with any substance, I encourage you to do some research before use. There are many references to milk thistle, including:  Milk Thistle – The Liver Herb by Christopher Hobbs, The Green Pharmacy by Dr. James A. Duke, and The Healing Power Of Herbs by Dr. Michael T. Murray.

Health Report by Herbalist Dave Hawkins, MH, CNC

Withthe increase in consumer awareness concerning the use of botanical medicines, Ithought it would interest the reader to know about the top herbs being sold today and why they are in such demand. The herbal industry has grown in recent years by about 20-25.  This translates into almost a billion dollars a year in sales of herbal products.  This includes herbs used in foods and in body care categories.  Americans are interested in a more natural approach to healing and it is being reflected in the marketplace.

How does one know what they are purchasing?  Before you buy a product, it is important to know what you want.  The label will help you in the following way:

· The name – Will be the common and the scientific name.  The ingredients will be listed in descending order if it is a formula.

· The form of the packaging – Do the capsules or tablets contain raw herb or an extract?  If an extract, it will say if it is standardized or not.

· The total amount and unit size – Examples are 100 caps of 450 mg each.

· An expiration date

· Dosage recommendations – For adults and children, and suggested guidelines.

· Any health warnings, cautions or contraindications.

The label cannot tell you any condition that the herb may help prevent or treat.  Only structure function claims can be made.  For example:  Ginger root “is a safe and natural aid to digestion”.  But it cannot say it is good for motion sickness.  Also, the label must have a disclaimer that reads “This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.  This product is not intended to diagnosis, treat, cure, or prevent disease.”

Let’s look now at the top selling herbs:

· Aloe vera – Gel from the leaves are used for minor skin disorders, like burns, sunburn, rashes, poison ivy, vaginal dryness, athletes foot, and insect bite.  It is also used to sooth inflamed tissue of the stomach and intestines.  Being researched for use with aids and HIV.

· Bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) – A member of the blueberry family, it offers improvement for a number of vision problems.  Night blindness, eye fatigue, severe nearsightedness, and used for prevention of macular degeneration, cataracts and glaucoma. It is also used for diabetes and other vascular disorders. 

· Cayenne – Known to stimulate circulation, aid digestion and promote sweating.  Will stop bleeding, aid in healing ulcers due to stimulation of mucous membrane, used for pain relief and normalizing blood pressure.

· Cranberry – Is currently being used for urinary tract infections.  It also is used for stomach and gall bladder problems.

· Echinacea – Has been shown to boost the immune system, short circuit colds and flu, fight bacterial and viral infections, lower fevers and calm allergic reactions.

· Elderberry – Has been used for cold and flu, reducing fevers, as an anti-inflammatory and nerve tonic.

· Feverfew – Helpful for migraine headaches, reducing fevers, as an anti-inflammatory and nerve tonic.

· Garlic – Lowers overall cholesterol, has antibiotic properties, aids circulation, lowers blood pressure, aids liver functions, fights colds and flu, and protects against cancer.

· Ginger root – Aids digestion, good for nausea and vomiting, helps with motion sickness and vertigo, lowers cholesterol, works as an anti-inflammatory, and increases circulation.  Safe during pregnancy for morning sickness.

· Gingko biloba – Used for thousands of years for asthma, allergies and colds.  Stimulates blood flow to the brain thus aiding mental and sensorial activity.  It is an antioxidant and aids with tissue integrity.  Used by elderly for memory problems and diabetics.

· Ginseng (panax) – This tonic herb is a rejuvenator and revitalizer for the body.  Known to aid athletic performance and endurance, stimulate the nervous system, increase alertness, enhance memory and concentration, and as a strengthener for the sexual system.

· Goldenseal – Works as an antibiotic, anti-viral agent and liver cleanser.  Great for sinus infections, fights cold and flu, heals bleeding ulcers, fights chronic yeast infections, and has anti-cancer properties.

· Grape seed – Is used as an antioxidant, for the prevention of atherosclerosis, bruising, diabetes, macular degeneration, varicose veins, and helps with wound healing.

· Green tea – Help to protect us from cancer of the lungs, skin, liver, pancreas, and stomach.  Boosts cardiovascular health by aiding weight loss and regulating blood sugar.  A useful antioxidant.

· Hawthorn berries – A cardiac tonic; used for angina and congestive heart failure.  Improves cardiac output as well as strengthens the heart muscle.  Aids digestion.  Works as an antioxidant.

· Kava kava – Used to calm the body, a natural muscle relaxant, helps promote sleep, helps with anxiety.  Helps one feel good.

· Milk thistle – Protects the liver from harmful chemicals and drugs, used in detoxification programs, is being used to treat cirrhosis and hepatitis, as well as other liver diseases.

· St. John’s wort – Is a nervine and is used for insomnia and wound healing; is being researched for its anti-viral properties.  Currently being used for depression.

· Saw palmetto berries – Used as a tonic for the male reproductive system.  Reduces the discomfort of enlarged prostrate.  Used as an aphrodisiac by the Indians.  Known to have immune boosting properties.

· Shitake mushroom – Boosts the immune system, protects us from cancer, known to shrink tumors, lowers high cholesterol, reduces blood pressure and combats viruses and bacteria.

· Siberian ginseng – Is an adaptogenic herb.  Strengthens, normalizes and regulates entire body.  Works with the adrenal glands and helps prevent nervous tension, increases energy, helps regulate high blood pressure, blood sugar irregularities and depression.

· Turmeric – Has been used for centuries as an antioxidant, for all liver disorders, inflammatory conditions, irritable bowel syndrome, gallstones, and a cancer preventative.

· Valerian root – Classified as a nervine and an antispasmodic.  Works with insomnia, nervous tension, helps relieve headaches, menstrual cramps, and helps with anxiety.

· Wild yam root – Has been used as a liver tonic, digestive aid and muscle relaxant.  Works with the adrenals and is helpful with PMS and menopausal symptoms.

The herbs on the preceding list are currently in demand for the brief conditions mentioned.  It is very important for you to do research on your own when beginning a herbal program.  Make sure you have an authoritative manual or consult with a holistic practitioner.

Two good books are The Way of Herbs by Michael Tierra, C.A., N.D. or The Healing Power Of Herbs by Michael Murray, N.D.

Health Report by Herbalist Dave Hawkins, MH, CNC

A very important mineral that is mostly overlooked as beingessential is the mineral sulfur. Despite the body’s abundance of this mineral,it has not been well studied. Many of the sulfur bearing compounds, such as cysteine and methionine amino acids, have had more attention. This article will focus on how sulfur works in the body and the health conditions that can be improved with the use of sulfur bearing foods and nutrients.

Sulfur represents about .025 percent of our total body weight. It is mainly contained in proteins but is also distributed in all cells and tissues.  Sulfur is present in four amino acids: methionine, an essential amino acid, the non essential cystine and cysteine, which can be made from methionine and taurine that is part of bile and aids digestion. Sulfur is also present in two B vitamins, thiamin, and biotin both of which are components of hair, skin and nails.

Sulfur is absorbed in the small intestines from the amino acids mentioned above and from sulfates found in water, fruits, and vegetables. It is readily available in protein foods: meats, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, and legumes. Egg yolks are one of the best sources as well as blackstrap molasses. Onions, garlic, cabbage, brussel sprouts, and turnips contain sulfur as well as kale, kelp, and other seaweeds.

Let’s look at some of the functions of sulfur, but let’s not get confused.  Many people ask if they can take sulfur if they have an allergy to sulfa medications. For clarity sake:

·         Sulfa drugs are used for wound healing and to fight some infections.

·         Sulfites are used as preservatives.

·         Sulfates are used as preservatives in meats

Natural sulfur is a mineral, and it doses not cause an allergy reaction. It is considered nutritional. Sulfur performs a number of enzymatic reactions and is involved in protein synthesis. It is necessary for the formation of collagen, the connective tissue protein. It is present in keratin which is a protein necessary for healthy hair, skin, and nails. Sulfur as cysteine and methionine work with insulin to regulate carbohydrate metabolism, aid liver detox processes by helping glutathione production, and work with gags (glucos-amino-glycans) to help with the joint health by building the joint lining. Sulfur is also important for cellular respiration. It is needed in oxidation-reduction reactions that help cells use oxygen, which aids brain function.

The use of sulfur has been used for numerous disorders. Elemental forms were prevalent during the nineteenth century, but in the twentieth sulfur containing amino acids have been the preference. It has been used for skin conditions such as, eczema, dermatitis, and psoriasis. The amino acid taurine has been used in epilepsy treatment. A new form of organic sulfur is now being recommended, MSM (methysulphonylmethane). MSM is a metabolite of a compound better known as DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) It has a long history of use topically on horses to reduce inflammation in joint and injured areas. Both MSM and DMSO occur naturally in our environment, but the MSM you purchase is a white odorless crystalline powder. It may have a slightly bitter taste.

MSM allows cells to be more permeable resulting in the free flow of excess water and toxins to be removed. In a recent report by the New York Academy of Science, doses of 250-750 mg/day given at their clinic has shown effective results in problems of inflammation, allergies, hyperacidity and chronic constipation. In another study done at Oregon Health Science University, Dr. Stanley Jacob studied the effects of MSM on his patients with degenerative rheumatoid arthritis disc problems, acute and chronic injuries and states, "MSM is a life-enhancing agent, an important adjunct that gave long lasting relief". And yet in a study by Dr. Herschler at Reagan State Science University, clinical data supports the use of MSM for relief of pain, swelling and inflammation. One interesting side effect was that it improved wrinkles and other age related syndromes.

MSM in considered safe and non-toxic. There is no specific RDA for sulfur or sulfur bearing amino acids. Our needs are usually met through diet, but if certain conditions are present, supplementation is recommended. Dr. Earl Mindell recommends 2,000 mg to 6,000 m daily for therapeutic application.

The most cost effective form is the powder, and 1/4 tsp. is equivalent to 1000 mg. Basically take a teaspoon per day.

It is important to research this for yourself or consult with your health care professional when considering this for therapeutic applications.

A good book on the subject is The MSM Miracle by Dr. Earl Mindell, Keats Publishing.

Health Report by Herbalist Dave Hawkins, MH, CNC

GOLD, FRANKINCENSE AND MYRRH:

KINGS BEARING GIFTS

Article by herbalist Dave Hawkins, MH, CNC

With the celebration of Christmas, I wanted to write about the significance of the gifts the wise men brought the baby Jesus. According to story of Jesus related to me as a child in the new testament the gospel of Matthew explains in Chapter 2, Verse 11, "and when they were to come into the house, they saw the young child with Mary his mother, and fell down, and worshipped him: and when they opened their treasures, they presented unto him gifts; gold, and frankincense and myrrh".

Today's article will give some other considerations to the meaning of these gifts. All three of the gifts are used medicinally. The importance of these gifts offered benefits far beyond what we have expected.

Let's begin with the gift of gold. I researched material from Ayurvedic sources. Ayurveda is the science of life according to the ancient healing system of India. All the metals have healing properties and have been used for over 3000 years in treating health conditions. Gold is an effective nerve tonic. It improves memory and intelligence, strengthens the heart muscle and increases stamina. It is good for hysteria, epilepsy, heart attacks, weak lung and spleen. It is said to improve memory and stimulates awareness. One way of taking gold internally that is safe according to Ayurveda is to make gold-medicated water. To prepare such water, place a gold coin or jewelry (I assume 24 karat) into 1 pint of water. Boil until the water is reduced to half or 1 cup. One tsp. of this water may be taken 3 times per day.

The next two gifts were frankincense and myrrh. It is assumed that these were used only as perfumes. Being related in the plant kingdom they are members of the gum family otherwise known as gum guggul. Both being used as fragrance essentials they offer similar properties. Those properties being able to calm the mind, strengthens the nerves, relieve restlessness, anxiety and fear and to counter hypersensitivity. They are said to be energizing yet grounding and stabilizing.

Lets look at some of the other aspects of both of these herbs and their significance medicinally.

Myrrh, according to authoritative sources, is stated to possess antimicrobial, astringent, expectorant, carminative (gas relieving), antiseptic and vulnerary (wound healing) properties. Traditionally it has been used for ulcers, pharyngitis, phlegm, common cold, wounds and abrasions and specifically for mouth ulcers, and gingivitis.

It is considered to be anti-inflammatory and has been reported to have hypoglycemic (blood sugar lowering) effects. This was seen when it was combined with the herb aloe vera. In relation to side effects there have been none reported. It has been reported to be non-irritating, non sensitizing and non phototoxic to skin. It is contraindicated for those with diabetes, during pregnancy and lactation.

My personal use for myrrh has been in mouthwashes for gum disease and as an anti-staph and strep remedy for sore throats. High doses are not recommended and because of its somewhat bitter taste I don't think that is a problem.

Let's look at frankincense also known in the herbal world as boswellia.

Boswellia is used in many oriental perfumes and incense.

The main medical application is for the treatment of arthritis (osteo and rheumatoid) and other inflammatory diseases such as ulcerated colitis and psoriasis. It has been compared to numerous anti-inflammatory drugs and has proven to be effective with less toxicity. Indian authorities have approved it for use with the conditions mentioned above. Again it is not recommended during pregnancy. It is available in capsule form and in topical creams.

The last herb I want to mention is the cousin to frankincense and myrrh, which is called gum guggul. It is highly regarded for a variety of health problems ranging from arthritis to lipid disorders.

Researchers began studying the clinical effectiveness of gum guggul based on a classic Ayurvedic medical text which described this herb for the treatment of obesity and disorders of fat. Clinical studies have proven that it lowers cholesterol and triglycerides as well as promoting weight loss. It has been compared to numerous lipid lowering drugs such as, Lopid, Mevacor and Clofibrate. Research shows that it is more effective and does not have side effects. It further states that it has cardioprotective properties and may reduce the risk of atherosclerosis. There are no known side effects based on these clinical studies. It is considered non-toxic and is acceptable during pregnancy.

Before using any preparations mentioned above it is important to seek authoritative information concerning proper applications or consult with your health care professional.

As you can, see herbs have been used for thousands of years. There are many references in the bible and other ancient materials that may give us clues to compounds found in plants that can have healing properties for many of our ailments.

I want to wish to thank the readers over the last year. I have appreciated your comments. I wish you all happy holidays and look forward to writing more articles for you in the New Year. Be well, healthy and happy!

In this article, Iwill be interviewing one of my favorite botanicals, the spice ginger root.  The use ofginger goes back thousands of years.  The Chinese, Indian, Green and Southeast Asian cultures used ginger for treating numerous conditions, ranging from stomachache, diarrhea, nausea, cholera, hemorrhage, rheumatism and toothaches. 

Currently ginger is one of the top ten spices used worldwide. 

Let’s get into our interview with this prominent herb.

Hawkins:  Tell us about yourself.  How did you get your name and how did you become so popular?

Ginger:  My official name is zingiber officinale and I was named by the famous 18th century Swedish botanist, Linnaeus.  He derived the title zingiber from its Indian Sanskrit name singabera, which means shaped like a horn.  There are over 1400 species belonging to my family, including turmeric and cardamom. 

I have a beautiful flower, and I like a hot moist climate.  Currently, I am the world’s most cultivated spice.  I am grown in the following major countries:  Indonesia, India, Australia, China, Africa, Jamaica, and Hawaii.  The leading importers are Saudi Arabia, the US, Yemen, Japan and the UK.

Hawkins:  Tell us now about your biochemical makeup and how you are being used medicinally?

Ginger:  I literally contain hundreds of compounds that give beneficial effects to the human body.  Let’s divide them up into four main categories: 

1. taste or pungency

2. essential oil or fragrance

3. macro/micro nutrients

4. synergists

Let me explain further – my pungent taste is due to oily-resinous compounds called gingerols and shogoals.  Gingerols are present when I am freshest and the shogoals are more prevalent when I am dried.  These two compounds have been widely researched and add to the therapeutic effects.  My fragrance is sweet, warm and has a citrusy aroma.  It has been used in the perfume and beverage industries.  There are over 200 different components of my essential oil. 

When it comes to nutrients, I contain proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.  Potassium, phosphorus, Vitamin C and Vitamin B-2 are just a few.  In regards to synergists, because of my many compounds the therapeutic effects cannot be attributed to just the two mentioned above, but to the way that these compounds work with the whole of me.  I have an enzyme called zingibain, which is a powerful protein digesting enzyme.  It has been compared to papaya and bromelain from pineapple with good results.

Hawkins:  Let’s look at some of the conditions and therapeutic applications you exhibit.  How do you accomplish all these benefits?

Ginger:  This is a very interesting part of me that I love to share.  I have been used to treat the following conditions:  arthritis, nausea, vomiting, morning sickness, migraines, motion sickness, vertigo, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, pain, ulcers and numerous other ailments.  In many of the herb books when they discuss my properties, which are my actions, they begin with:  analgesic, immuno-supportive, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-tussive, hypocholesteremic, anti-thrombic, digestive and anti-oxidant.

Hawkins:  Very impressive.  Tell us more about some of your specific effects, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and thermogenic properties.

Ginger:  I have been researched for numerous years now.  Many companies have been trying to patent some of my constituents but they have had many problems.  The following information is the results of some of this research.  Let’s begin with the anti-oxidant effects.  I contain more than 12 constituents that are superior to Vitamin E.  I am currently being investigated as an agent to prevent the rancidity of meat products.  I can prolong the shelf life of these foods. 

Next, let’s look at anti-inflammation.  My pungent principal, as stated earlier, blocks the formation of inflammatory compounds called prostaglandin and leukotrienes.  I also have the ability to inhibit platelet aggregation (sticky blood) by interfering with the substance in your blood that causes blood platelets to clump together.  I help the liver to reduce cholesterol by stimulating the breakdown of cholesterol.  In regards to pain control I, like cayenne, block the formation of substance P.  I help relieve gas and bloating by aiding the digestion of food and have antispasmodic effects.

Hawkins:  Tell us about thermogenesis and how you help someone to increase metabolism.

Ginger:  Thermogenesis is what many refer to as the fire element.  This is metabolic activity.  In a weight loss profile, by stimulating this principal it creates heat that in turn burns fat stores in the body.  I am considered a diaphoretic herb because I help bring the blood to the surface of the skin and therefore activate circulation.

Hawkins:  In regards to motion sickness and nausea, how do you help those with these ailments?  How do you compare yourself to the drug Dramamine?

Ginger:  That is a good question.  This can get technical but I will keep it simple.  My anti-emetic (vomiting) effects are being researched for post operative vomiting after surgery, morning sickness, and the side effects of chemotherapy. 

This action is due to the increase of digestive enzymes that help to clear the stomach quickly and neutralize toxins and stomach acid working with the involvement of a compound called 5 HT or serotonin.  In comparison studies with Dramamine, I can accomplish the same result without the drowsiness.

Hawkins:  Share with us some of the dosage recommendations and is there any cause for concern about toxicity?

Ginger:  It is important to always consult with a trained health care professional or an authoritative herbal manual when dosing for therapeutic results.  The dose will be dependent on what effect you are expecting.  A simple cup of fresh root tea can calm a nauseous stomach.  I will give you a recipe later. 

Many folk don’t like tea, so capsules of dried root are fine.  One or two capsules 2 or 3 times a day is suggested.  There are standardized preparations on the market now that give higher levels of potency.  In regards to toxicity, I am very safe.  Very high doses of over six grams can cause gastrointestinal upset if taken on an empty stomach.  For common use as a tea or in cooking there is no problem.

Hawkins:  Please give us a standard tea recipe.

Ginger:  If you are using fresh root, take 2-4 thin slices (1 tsp grated) and pour boiling water over it.  Steep for 10-12 minutes.  Strain and add a small amount of honey and fresh lemon for a refreshing cup of tea.  You can also use 1 teaspoon powdered ginger. 

Health Report by Herbalist Dave Hawkins, MH, CNC

One ofthe leading herbal products being prescribed by physicians in Europetoday is Gingko Biloba. This article will help you understand the benefits of this living fossil and give you insights about how to use it. Gingko has a long history of being on this planet. It can be traced back over 200 million years, which is why it is called a living fossil. Once a common tree in North America and Europe, it was nearly destroyed by the Ice Age except in China where it is considered a sacred tree.

It is very common now in this country as an ornamental, and you can find it in many yards or along streets. Gingko is a very hardy tree. It is resistant to harmful insects and micro-organisms and even survives modern day pollutants. One interesting bit of history is that it survived the atomic blast in the center of Hiroshima Japan in 1946.  It began to sprout the following spring after the explosion.

The medicinal uses of Gingko date back over 2000 years ago in Chinese Materia Medica. It stated that it is beneficial to the brain and relieves symptoms of asthma and cough. As mentioned earlier, it is one of the leading prescription medicines in France and Germany where it accounts for over 1% of total prescription sales. Approximately 10 million prescriptions were written worldwide.

Gingko Biloba extracts are marketed under different names in Europe but only 5 meet the German E Commission standards for therapeutic preparations. This is a standardized herbal drug. The monograph states that only acceptable extracts are those that have an herb to solvent ratio of 35:1 to 67:1.  This is averaged out to be 50:1 ratio or 50 pounds of leaf to 1 part of solvent. This is very potent, and you will see later in the article the relationship to therapeutics conditions.

This does not mean that a cup of gingko tea is valueless; but if used in clinical applications for specific conditions, the concentrated extract will perform differently in the body.

Gingko has been the subject to over 300 scientific clinical and experimental studies. Let’s look at some of the aspects of how it works in the body and the conditions for which it is recommended. Gingko extracts exert a widespread influence on tissues of the body. Meaning it stabilizes them. It works as an anti-oxidant and enhances utilization of cellular oxygen and glucose (sugar). The stabilization effects are most evident in the nerve cells and the brain tissue. The extract prevents metabolic disturbances that affect the blood supply mainly to the frontal lobes of the brain. It basically aids the circulation to the arterial and vein system of the brain. Gingko’s vascular effects are attributed to its toning ability of blood vessels structures. It also has a relaxing effect.

Another factor about this plant is its ability to have anti-platelet factors, meaning that it inhibits red blood cells from becoming too sticky, thus enhancing blood flow and reducing the risk of coronary problems.

Now let’s look at some of the applications where Gingko can be applied in relation to specific health conditions. The following are documented pharmacological actions:

   * Helps prevent oxygen starvation

   * Inhibits fluid build-up due to toxins or post-traumatic injury.

   * Improves memory and learning capacity

   * Scavenges free radicals which are cancer causing

   * Has anti-platelet factors.

The clinical applications of the plant have great potential in helping disorders associated with:

       Vascular Insufficiency: Due to the fact that as we age vascular insufficiency becomes a problem for many of us with hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) being the main one. Symptoms attributed to this are short-term memory loss, vertigo, headaches, ringing in the ears (Tinnitus), lack of vigilance and depression.

     Alzheimer’s Disease: Many of the studies in Germany have been with patients with senile dementia or Alzheimer’s. Its main action is in delaying mental deterioration in early stages of this disease.

        Tinnitus: This is a very difficult problem for many people and has become more prevalent in the last few years. Gingko has been shown to be somewhat effective as a treatment. Even though some studies have not shown that great of an improvement there have been many people reporting that it has helped them. It is worth the try.

       Senile Macular Degeneration: This disorder of the eye specifically in elderly has again seen some improvement with the use of Gingko extracts. This is mainly due to the ability to prevent free radical damage to the macula.

        Intermittent Claudication: Better known as peripheral arterial insufficiency which is a narrowing of the arteries, thus reducing blood flow throughout the body causing leg pain, fatigue, cramping and tightness. Again Gingko has been shown effective in numerous studies to be effective.

        Impotence: Many times this disorder is due to poor circulation to erectile tissue. Improving blood flow which is one of the actions of Gingko has shown some benefits.

         Antidepressant Effects: These are due to the fact that depression also is due in part to low oxygen levels in brain tissues. By enhancing blood flow, more oxygen is present. This has been used concurrently with some anti-depressant medications with good success.

         Antiallergenic Properties: Due to antiplatelet factors and the constituent Quercetin which is present in gingko leaves, those suffering from allergies, asthma, and eczema have seen some benefits of using gingko.

The future is promising for this particular botanical. Research is ongoing for conditions like angina, congestive heart failure, and acute respiratory distress syndromes, multiple sclerosis, thrombosis and burns.

The recommended daily dose of this extract is 120-240 mg 2-3 times per day, depending on the individual condition. Most of the clinical studies ranged from 120mg-160mg/day. A minimum of eight weeks is the recommended treatment protocol with reevaluation within a three-month period of time. Side effects are rare and consist of mild gastric upset, headaches, dizziness or allergic skin reactions. There are no known interactions with other drugs at this point in time.

Gingko is a very safe and effective plant and has many positive attributes. Be sure to consult with a qualified health care professional when considering the use of this product. This will insure you are taking a researched product with a potential for beneficial outcomes.

Health Report by Herbalist Dave Hawkins, MH, CNC

Most of you have probably heard at least a little bit aboutcoral calcium.  Whether you have seen the infomercials on television orhave seen an advertisement in your favorite health publication, you may be wondering if it is really the cure-all it is cracked up to be.  Since many of you have called me with questions, I’ll try to shed some light on this “marine miracle”. 

By all accounts, this dietary supplement is suffering from its own name.  The name coral calcium has caused consumers to inappropriately focus on calcium alone when they consider its nutritional value.  Coral calcium actually contains a number of fossilized stony coral minerals, up to 70 or so, in variable amounts.  Generally, the main elements found in fossilized coral are calcium and magnesium. With that said, however, sales are certainly not suffering much.  In 2002, coral calcium was the best-selling dietary supplement of the year, with sales in excess of $150 million.

Just what exactly is coral calcium? The precursor material is ocean sediment that is largely made up of debris that falls from coral reefs near the Ryukyu Islands of Japan.  Some is derived from coral sand collected below sea level and some is sourced from above ground (mined).  Different types vary by collection technique, processing, mineral content, and ultimate formulations of dietary supplements (capsules, gels, powders, tea bags).  Most of the media buzz surrounds coral calcium that has the desired calcium to magnesium ratio of 2:1, which is optimum for absorption and is created by mixing coral sands of varying magnesium content.

Now that we know the “what”, let’s examine the “why”.  The longevity benefits of coral calcium have emerged from a combination of folklore and science.  A sort of “fountain of youth” mystique surrounds the supplement, which originates in Okinawa, Japan.  It is thought that the documented longevity of Okinawans may be related in part to the mineral-enriched environment of their coral islands.  This idea may hold some water based on other long-living cultures in mineral-rich spots throughout the world like the Hunzas in India and the native Indians of Guatemala.  There has also been promising research on this theory by Dr. N. Tominaga of the Department of Medical Zoology of Saitama Medical School.  In his test group of 22 rats, those who received water treated with coral calcium had, on the average, much longer life spans than rats that received untreated water.

While claims of increased longevity are a long way from being proved or disproved, some proposals have been downright preposterous.  Coral calcium WILL NOT help you to “grow a new brain”, “throw away your wheelchair”, or “cure cancer”.  The good news, though, is that coral calcium IS a valuable holistic mineral dietary supplement with emerging promise for wellness promotion.  It is ABSOLUTELY TRUE that absorption rates from coral calcium are higher than from milk, hydroxyapatite and inorganic calcium carbonate.  There is also promising research regarding the use of coral calcium in the treatment of osteoporosis, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heartburn, and even diabetes mellitus. 

So, does coral calcium live up to the hype?  With much of the research still in relatively early stages, one must rely heavily on the fact that the re-order percentage for coral calcium is staggeringly high.  According to Stephen Holt, MD, “Testimonials of the benefits of coral calcium are not “proof” of a consistent beneficial health effect.  However, the volume of testimonials cannot be ignored.  The continuing use of coral calcium by so many people as a consequence of the benefits experienced is the important issue.”   

Coral calcium is definitely a great way to get some of the minerals lacking in most Western diets.  The recommended adult dosage is usually somewhere between one and two grams daily.  Natures Benefit from Coral Calcium, by Stephen Holt, M.D., is a great source of information on coral calcium and was used as a reference for this article. 

Health Report by Herbalist Dave Hawkins, MH, CNC

Withcardiovascular disease being the number one killer in the United States, it is important to know about all the nutrients that havebeen proven to benefit the heart.

One such nutrient is a substance called ubiquinone, otherwise known as Coenzyme Q10 (Co Q10). I have mentioned this in previous articles but have not written in depth about it.

This report will detail Co Q10 to give you a better understanding of its applications in heart disease.

 Professor F. L. Crane and his colleagues at the University of Wisconsin first discovered Coenzyme Q10 in 1957. Following this discovery Dr. Karl Folker of the University of Texas has become the person most responsible for the ongoing research of this substance.  Originally found to be present in beef heart, Coenzyme Q10 is found in every plant and animal cell.

It got its name from the root word “ubiquitous” because the enzyme is present in every cell of your body. It is naturally occurring and is part of the process of the production of cellular ATP. ATP is the energy fuel of the cells of the body.  Because the body must have available energy to carry out normal body functions, such as breathing, Co Q10 is essential for all cells, tissues, and organs.

Although the body can synthesize Co Q10 (mainly in the liver), deficiencies can exist. These deficiencies could be a result of other nutritional deficiencies, genetic or acquired defects in the body’s ability to manufacture it, or the use of toxic substances that interfere with the production of it. 

Coenzyme Q 10 is considered to be one of the life extension nutrients. As we age, it has been discovered that the levels of Coenzyme Q 10 decrease.   Because of its far reaching effects on all body systems, research has shown that it is beneficial for the following conditions: Angina, cardiomyopathy, mitral valve prolapse, congestive heart failure, elevated cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, HIV, cancer, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's, Alzheimer’s, Muscular Dystrophy and periodontal disease.

Coenzyme Q10 has been the topic of numerous global conferences in the last decade with over 200 research studies having been conducted on it. Clinical evidence has shown it to be effective in all the disorders mentioned above. Its use with treating cardiovascular disease has been well documented. Due to the fact that oxygen is the life of a cell, making oxygen more available to cell structure will have an improvement on life functions. It is considered a potent antioxidant. The result of repeated insult to the heart muscle such as low oxygen, inflammation, and other dietary factors can be reversed with the use of Co Q10.

Congestive heart failure is the inability of the heart to pump blood effectively.

This can be caused from long-term high blood pressure, disorders of the valves or cardiomayopathy.  It is very common in elderly people. Conventional drug therapy utilizes digitalis, diuretics and vasodilators. One problem associated with congestive heart failure is arrhythmias, fluid build up in the lungs, shortness of breath, sweating, palpitations, vertigo, and cyanosis (bluing of the skin). 

Double blind placebo controlled studies using Coenzyme Q10 at dosage levels of 100 mg daily for a period of three months have been combined with conventional treatments and have shown to decrease the above symptomology.

Coenzyme Q10 has been shown to stabilize arrhythmias, the build- up of plaque due to high cholesterol, improve blood circulation, help lower blood pressure by normalizing the sodium to potassium ratios, improve performance during exercise, and increase stamina.

Coenzyme Q10 has also been shown to improve the immune, neuro-muscular, and digestive systems. The following substances enhance the function of Co Q10:

Carnitine                

Selenium                  

Patothenic acid

Methionine            

Biotin           

According to the book Drug Induced Nutrient Depletion Handbook, factors that interfere with the function of Co Q10 are:

      Beta-blockers

     Hmg-CoA reductase inhibitors -- mevacor, pravachol, zocor, lipitor, for example.

Cholesterol lowering drugs.

       Tricyclic anti-depressants

      Phenothiazines

Other factors that affect Co Q10 are that it is easily destroyed by heat and light.

It is present in numerous foods including these good sources: Canola oil, rice bran, wheat germ, soy beans, walnuts, filberts, almonds, peanuts, mackerel, salmon, yellowtail, sesame seeds, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, garlic, onion, carrot and potato. The cooking of these foods will destroy a certain percentage of the enzyme. In a healthy body and if you eat wholesome natural foods, your body will produce enough.

Lifestyle is a factor. One study showed that a diet consisting of no Co Q10 showed that blood plasma levels had dropped 50% in a one-week period of time.

Let's look at some dosage levels and its bioavailability.

The average body requirement for maintenance to prevent deficiency is 5 mg. Therapeutic doses for a basically healthy individual range from 50-150 mg per day. Many of the clinical trials were using 100 mg daily. If a person is using Co Q10 for treating more serious conditions, upwards of 200-600 mg doses have been recommended.

A more accurate measurement is to supplement 2 mg per 2.2 pounds of body weight. Because Coenzyme Q10 is generally well tolerated and no serious side effects have been reported with long-term use, it can be safely taken. It is always a good idea to consult with your health care practitioner when considering any substance for therapeutic applications.

It is available in loose powder, 7.5-200 mg capsules, sublingual tablets and sprays.  It is also available in toothpaste and skin lotions.

Because it is poorly absorbed in the intestines, you need to eat when supplementing this nutrient. Do not take it on an empty stomach.

It is assimilated better if it is combined with an oil, which makes the gel cap form a better choice. Gel caps contain soy oil combined with Co Q10. The half-life of Co Q10 is 3 days.

A good resource is the book Coenzyme Q-10, Is It The Fountain Of Youth by William Lee, RPh, PhD.

Health Report by Herbalist Dave Hawkins, MH, CNC

We’veall heard our mothers and grandmothers say it, “An ounce of prevention is wortha pound of cure.”  Ladies, when it comes to breast health, this statement is true in spades.  According to Ross Pelton, Ph.D., it is estimated that one in eight women will be afflicted by breast cancer in her lifetime.  Perhaps the largest misconception concerning breast health is that if there is no family history of breast cancer, the patient is at low risk. On the contrary, in the majority of newly diagnosed cases, there is no family history of the disease.

The most commonly documented cause of breast cancer is an excessive lifetime exposure to natural, synthetic and environmental forms of estrogen.  Undue exposure can both initiate and fuel breast cancers.  One way to eliminate excess estrogens is to bypass hormone replacement therapy in treating menopause symptoms in favor of the naturally occurring phyto-estrogens found in plants.  Medicinal studies have concluded the plant-based diet of Asian women is most certainly a contributing factor to their low rate of menopausal symptoms, breast cancer, heart disease, and osteoporosis.

In keeping with this theory, The National Cancer Institute has begun to place a large part of their focus on a diet as a preventive measure when dealing with hormonally driven cancers.  Of the recommended foods, perhaps the most essential is flaxseed.  This ancient grain contains phytonutrients called lignans, which compete with estrogen for binding sites on estrogen receptors.  The result is a flushing of excess estrogens, linked to high incidence of both breast and colon cancers, from the body.  In addition, lignans have anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal properties.  These lignans also contribute to a woman’s overall good health in several ways including:  prevention of metastasis of cancerous tumors, reduction of hot flashes, reduction of bloating, reduction in breast tenderness, regulation of menstrual cycle, improved nail strength, improvement in skin texture and appearance, and improvement in hair sheen.

According to the Tuft University Health and Nutrition Letter, “   today’s studies focus on foods containing phytoestrogens.  The notion is that phytoestrogens my relieve symptoms of perimenopause and reduce the risk of heart disease and osteoporosis with fewer adverse effects than hormone replacement therapy.  In other words, we may be able to eat our way through menopause rather than medicating ourselves against it.”

Unfortunately, modern food refinement and a departure from whole foods have diminished dietary intake of lignans to nearly nil in Western diets.  The good news is that you can get your lignans in a couple of ways to ensure the proper amount is being delivered daily.  If you choose flax seed oil, it is recommended that all women consume at least one tablespoon of the lignan-rich variety every day.  The oil is typically refrigerated and should be labeled Lignan Rich.  If you prefer a tablet,, the first standardized lignan-based product to provide a clinically determined dosage is now available.  This product, sold under the trade name Brevail, was researched and developed scientifically to raise lignan levels in blood and urine to those shown in women who demonstrate an exceptional history of breast health. 

Nothing can replace the importance of breast self-examination and regular check-ups with a healthcare provider.  The odds of beating breast cancer can be improved, regardless of family history, by taking a proactive approach to breast health.

Health Report by Herbalist Dave Hawkins, MH, CNC

Holistichealth encompasses the concept of us being of physical, mental, emotional andspiritual bodies.  When it comes to dealing with health imbalances, all areas must be assessed.  Many times our emotional nature is an indicator of deeper underlying issues that either reflect or are the cause of our discomfort.  Over the course of many years, I have witnessed how emotions can be a definitive factor in a person getting well again.  This article will be about remedies called flower essences, particularly the Bach Flower Essences. 

The person behind the flower essences is Dr. Edward Bach, an English medical doctor, bacteriologist and immunologist.  In the early 1930’s, he gave up his medical practice to study the causes of human illness; and he developed his system of remedies based on his observations of his patients whose physical illnesses seemed to be predisposed by negative psychological or emotional states, such as fear, anxiety, insecurity, jealousy, shyness, poor self image, anger and resentment.  Dr. Bach stated, “Behind all disease lies fears, our anxieties, our greed, our likes and dislikes.”  He further stated that, “True healing involves treating the very base of the cause of the suffering.  Therefore, no effort directed to the body alone can do more than to repair damage.  Treat people for their emotional unhappiness, allow them to be happy, and they will become well.” 

When Dr. Bach began to understand how flowers could alter the emotional nature in a person, it took many years and sensitivity on his part to experience each emotional state before he found the proper flower that would treat the emotion.  This became his life’s work.  Over the course of his life, he developed 38 remedies based on seven areas of negative emotional states.  They are:

§ Fear

§ Uncertainty

§ Insufficient interest in present circumstances

§ Loneliness

§ Over-sensitivity to the influences and ideas of others

§ Despondency and despair

§ Overly concerned with the welfare of others

The 38 remedies fall under these seven emotional states.

The remedies are prepared homeopathically, which makes them non-toxic, without side effects, and they can be taken by young and old, with or without medications.  Even taking the wrong remedy will do no harm.  Another motto of Dr. Bach’s was, “Think of the patient, not the disease.  The main reason for the failure of modern medicine is that it is dealing with results, not causes.”  A new field of research that has emerged over the last few years is called psychoneuroimmunology.  This is based on the mechanisms that represent the link between mind/body therapies.  Clinical studies have confirmed that mental and emotional states of a person affect many of the body processes, such as stimulating or suppressing immune cell activity, adrenal hormones, and neurotransmitters.  Bach remedies work to transform the negative attitudes associated with disease into positive ones thus allowing the body to respond in a healing manner.

The flower essences do not need to be taken only when one feels sick.  They are intended for use in times of stress and fatigue or when life seems to be getting you down.  They have a preventative effect.  Dr. Bach’s only formula that he developed (which is the best selling remedy today) is called Rescue Remedy.  It is an emergency stress formula containing the essences of five flowers.  They are cherry plum, clematis, impatiens, rock rose and Star of Bethlehem.  Rescue Remedy has been shown to be effective to calm and reassure in times of serious upset, trauma, startling experiences, bemused states of mind, hysteria, panic attacks, and much more.  I will not travel without Rescue Remedy.  I have had numerous occasions to offer this remedy to others in times of need and have seen immediate results.  One such situation was with our 10-month old son.  During teething and when he was overly tired and fussy, a few drops of Rescue Remedy yielded the desired results.  Anyone familiar with Rescue Remedy will have stories to tell.

Because the remedies are safe, a person does not have to consult with a practitioner before using the essences.  There are trained professionals that refer to them, but the manufacturer of Bach flower essences provides a complete questionnaire that will help you determine your remedy.  The remedies are still manufactured in England the same way Dr. Bach instructed.  There are training courses available for those interested in further study.

Dr. Bach wrote two books called Heal Thyself and The Twelve Healers.  They contain the scope of belief of Dr. Bach and fall right in line with what we call wholistic health today.  I find it encouraging that even in the early part of the last century, wholistic thinking was a major player for many medical professionals.

Anyone interested can call toll free the Bach educational hotline at 1-800-314-BACH.  I encourage you to experiment with the remedies and let your own intuition guide you on your path to good health. 

Health Report by herbalist Dave Hawkins, MH, CNC

In our ever-polluted world it is estimated that thereare over 80,000 known chemicals in our environment.These are in the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, the clothes we wear and the houses we live in. We are literally surrounded in our modern day world with substances that have the potential to do us harm.

So how do we protect ourselves?

A class of nutrients exist called antioxidants. Anti-oxidants have a remarkable way of helping our bodies to remain healthy.

Let’s take a view of what goes on in the body and why we need this protection.

When it comes to the life of each cell in our bodies, one nutrient is responsible for thousands of chemical reactions on the cellular level. This nutrient is oxygen. It is essential for energy production in each and every one of our 60 trillion cells.

The utilization of oxygen however comes with a price. When cells utilize oxygen they create a molecule called a free radical in the process.

These are produced in one of four ways.

        When cells burn oxygen free radicals are byproducts.

        When detoxifying foreign compounds free radicals are created.

        When the immune system is mobilized to attack and kill invaders the white cells create free radicals to aid in the attack. Once the attack is over many free radicals remain in the system.

        Outside sources of ultraviolet light, air pollution, pesticides, poor diet, and medications lead to increased free radical production.

So what is a free radical?

To put it simply free radicals are atoms or groups of atoms that have at least one or more unpaired electrons. This makes them very unstable so they look to steal electrons from other molecules or cells as a way to stabilize themselves. In the process they cause damage to these surrounding areas and have been linked to many degenerative diseases like cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases. It is estimated that over 100 disease processes are linked to free radicals.

Antioxidants work by eliminating free radicals. They basically put the brakes on the activity of the free radicals by colliding and neutralizing them. Once an antioxidant has done its’ job it is useless for further activity. It is important to remember that antioxidants work as key elements in the complex cellular reactions, protecting different part of the cells from different species of free radicals.

Let’s take a look at some of the more common antioxidants and how they work.

        Carotenoids - aids healthy skin and mucous membranes protecting us from invading microorganisms and toxins by promoting immune responses. They destroy carcinogens, lower cholesterol levels and guard against heart disease. These include beta carotene, lycopene, lutein, and xanthene. These come from many fruits and vegetables.

        Vitamin C - in conjunction with bioflavanoids (hesperidin, quercetin, etc.) protect against free radical damage specifically to the brain and spinal cord. Aids immune function and is utilized in interferon production.

        Vitamin E - this prevents the oxidation of fats. It improves oxygen utilization, enhances immune response, aids cardiac output, and works with liver detoxification.

        Co Q 10 - works similarly to vitamin E. It is crucial for cellular energy and is a significant immune stimulant, increases circulation, shown to have anti aging properties and is beneficial for the cardiovascular system.

        Zinc - known for it own antioxidant activity also works with others like vitamin E, and beta carotene as well as production of another antioxidant called superoxide dismutase, an enzyme. It helps promote glandular and reproductive health and aids the immune system.

       Selenium - helps produce a very potent liver enzyme called glutathione. This helps the heart and lungs as well as aiding the immune activity when infection is present. It also has shown tumor inhibiting properties.

The previous nutrients are mostly vitamin and minerals. It is interesting to know that if we eat a diet rich in fiber, fresh organic fruits and vegetables that we are getting these compounds on a daily basis. They work as a family together even though they can be taken as single nutrients. 

Let’s look at some of the botanicals that have antioxidant activity.

       Bilberry- helps to keep the capillaries and red blood cells strong and flexible. Supports collagen structures and inhibits the growth of bacteria, is an anti-inflammatory and has anti- carcinogenic effects.

        Gingko biloba - enhances circulation by opening the vascular system. It has a blood pressure lowering effect and has been shown to prevent clotting. It contains a good amount of quercetin.

       Garlic - the sulfur bearing amino acids of cysteine help the liver to produce glutathione. Which is powerful detoxifier of alcohol, tobacco smoke and environmental pollutants.

        Green tea - contains a compound called catechins. They help protect against cancer, lower cholesterol levels, and reduce clotting factors. It helps regulate blood sugar.

       Opc’s (oligomeric proanthocyanidins) - are unique flavanols that may be 50 % more active than vitamin E in antioxidant properties.  They strengthen and repair connective tissue, moderate allergic and inflammatory responses. They are found in grape seed extract and pine bark extract ( pycnogenol)

       Alpha lipoic acid - is essential for cellular energy production, it functions in both lipid or water medium and has been helpful in diabetes, and cardiovascular ailments.

As you can see there is a huge array of antioxidants, phytochemicals, vitamins and minerals in our food. The synergism of these nutrients working together helps to keep us healthy. It is important that we make assessments in our lifestyle so that we can reduce the toxic load placed upon our bodies daily.

It is sad that only 10 percent of the U.S. population is eating the recommended quantities and varieties of food to offer protection. Try to pay attention to your daily lifestyle habits and determine what needs to go and what needs to be enhanced. You only have one life to live. Let’s live it healthy.

Health Report by Herbalist Dave Hawkins, MH, CNC

Adaptogenic is a term used in herbalism to reflect the ability of a plant to work as a biological response modifier.

For a plant to be adaptogenic it must meet three criteria, as defined by the Russian doctor I.I. Brekman:

• It should cause no harm and place no additional stress on the body.
• It should help the body adapt to many and varied environmental and psychological stresses.
• It must have a nonspecific action on the body, supporting all the major systems, such as the nervous system, hormonal system, and immune system, as well as regulating functions (such as the blood sugar); if they are too high, an adaptogen will lower it and vice verse

This article will deal with a few of the most common researched herbs like astragalus, Siberian ginseng, panax ginseng, shizandra, shitake, reishi and maitake mushrooms.

We will also look at the ability of these substances to be used in conjunctions with other types of therapy for the treatment of heart disease, cancer, chronic fatigue and numerous other disorders.

Let's begin by looking at how adaptogens work.

Through numerous scientific studies it is known that the pharmacological actions of adaptogens are very complex. It has been noted that they have the ability to increase endurance and to reduce fatigue. They stimulate the immune system indirectly; build the body's resistance to non-specific stresses such as, chemicals in the environment, overwork, poor diet and emotional factors. They work as immune stimulants also by boosting resistance to pathogens, viruses and bacteria.

According to Christopher Hobbs in his book Medicinal Mushrooms he states that he classifies immune active herbs into three categories adaptogens, surface immune stimulants and immune tonics. Each of these areas works differently and is applied to specific conditions.

Let take a closer look at these three areas.

Adaptogens boost immunity by supporting and balancing the endocrine (glandular) system. More specifically laboratory tests have shown that they support adrenal functions, help cells to use oxygen more efficiently and increase cellular respiration. Of course we know that the stress glands are the adrenals and when the adrenals are weaken we can experience fatigue and suppressed immunity.

The immune stimulating properties of adaptogenic herbs are due to the ability to stimulate a specific white blood cell called a macrophage. Macrophages (macro=big, phage=eater) are white cell that eat up or destroy pathogens in the blood such as bacteria, yeast, and viruses. They live in the mucus membranes of the body but also travel through the internal organs. They are our first line defense and stimulating this aspect off our immune system protects us from colds, flu and other types of infection.

Some herbs that have this action are echinacea, thuja, osha, and wild indigo.

 Immune tonics are the next classification and they work by supporting the bone marrow reserve, from which the macrophage and all other immune effector cells (t-cells) and reds blood cells are made. Reishi mushroom has been one of the researched adaptogens that works in this manner. It is interesting that in traditional cultures they cooked with these herbs and eat them as part of their diet.

Looking closer at the specific adaptogenic herbs begins with astragalus.

Astragalus has been used in china for thousands of years. It has been the subject of numerous studies in the United States by the National Cancer Institute. Research has shown that astragalus increases the total number of white blood cells, strengthens the activity of macrophages and promotes what is called cellular immunity.

Studies at the university of Texas MD Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute found that the t cell function in cancer patients was lowered by the use of chemotherapy and radiation. When astragalus extracts were administered they found that immune functions improved dramatically. Currently astragalus is being researched in HIV and aids related syndromes.

Schizandra is another adaptogen with a lot of clinical research. It has been shown to have a stimulatory effect on the central nervous system without being over stimulating. It is considered a general tonic, a detoxifier of chemical toxicity including chemotherapy. It is an antioxidant and a powerful liver protector.

Panax and Siberian ginseng are both considered adaptogenic.

 It is most noted for it's anti fatigue and anti-aging effects. It appears to have some anti-tumor effects. It has been shown to enhance the overall immunity including antibody response, natural killer cell activity, and interferon production and to promote phagocytosis. It has also shown some ability to protect the body during radiation therapy.

Let look at some of the medicinal mushroom and how they work in the body.

The first one we will discuss is the reishi mushroom. Extensive research of this mushroom shows why it has been used for over 4000 years in China and Japan. It has been used traditionally for the treatment of hepatitis, cancer, hypertension, arthritis, insomnia, asthma, bronchitis, and ulcers.

The pharmacological effects of reishi are numerous and include analgesic, anti inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, cardiotonic, expectorant, liver protective, and they have been shown to increase production of interleukin 1 and 2, increase white cell count, and enhance natural killer cell activity. It has been the subject of numerous clinical trials with animals and humans and is specific for numerous types of cancer.

Shitake mushroom is probably better known because it is used in food preparation. It has a wonderful taste as well as being researched for its adaptogenic properties. The data on this mushroom is overwhelming. It has antitumor effects are non-toxic to the body and is considered a support nutrient during chemo and radiation therapy often leading to longer survival times. It has immune regulating effects by activating natural killer cells as well as increasing production of interferon, a potent chemical secreted by natural killer cells. It also possesses antiviral, antibacterial, liver protective and cardiotonic properties.

The last adaptogenic is the maitake mushroom otherwise know in Appalachia as "hen of the woods". Research shows that this mushroom reduces blood pressure and helps to lower LDL cholesterol. It is considered a liver protective, antitumor and a macrophage activator. Human clinical trials have shown it being effective in enhancing immune functions when used with lung, stomach and liver cancer. It has also shown to help patients during chemotherapy.

As you can see that the researched benefits of adaptogenic herbs have a wide array of benefits to our bodies. They are protective as well as therapeutic. It is important to do research on your own when it comes to using these substances.

Be sure to consult with your health care practitioner for their use in a treatment program.

Health Report by Herbalist Dave Hawkins, MH, CNC)